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If you are accessing the arrays via their associative keys then nothing. The fetch_array() function may also provide keys 0..N in addition to the column name keys. Check the PHP documentation -- I am sure it will tell you the difference.
it doesn't matter how many columns you're returning or how many rows or your search criteria. What matters is how you deal with the result resource (in your case you're using mysql_fetch_assoc()) which will always return an associative array.
I'd suggest you read up on the difference between an associative array and a numeric-key array.
The former uses strings as keys while the latter uses numbers (0 based) as keys.